People who have a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke or thrombotic episodes (blood clots) are at risk of getting blood clots in their legs (especially between the ankle and upper calf) during extended airplane flights. Developing DVT after a long plane ride is called “economy-class syndrome”. Seating and leg room are particularly cramped for passengers in economy class, thus the name.
DVT is potentially life-threatening. In it, blood clots form in the body’s deep veins, particularly veins in the legs. Sometimes the clot breaks off, travels through the bloodstream before anyone knows that is happening, and obstructs a vessel in the lungs, restricting blood flow. This condition is called pulmonary embolism. This damages tissues and causes poor lung function, which can be fatal. It is very difficult to diagnose by external examination. Symptoms, if they occur, might include muscle tension in the lower leg, a dull ache or sudden painful tear, or a cramp in the calf with swelling and elevated body temperature.
If the clot remains lodged in the legs, very serious damage may occur to the vein, or even to the leg’s entire venous system. Clots can cause tissue damage, skin lesions, ulceration, and possibly removal of the limb. Once you have had one episode, you will have a much higher chance of a repeat event.
Studies in healthy people have shown that wearing “compression stockings” may help minimize the risk of developing DVT after long flights. These stockings put pressure on leg muscles and help return blood flow from the legs to the heart.
Drinking extra water, walking up and down the isles and avoiding alcohol intake are also good advice and just common sense.